1895
Ø January 13 – First Italo-Ethiopian War – Battle of Coatit: Italian forces defeat the Ethiopians.
Ø February 20 – The gold reserve of the U.S. Treasury is saved, when J. P. Morgan and the Rothschilds loan $65 million worth of gold to the United States government. The offering of syndicate bonds sells out only 22 minutes after the New York market opens, and just two hours after going on sale in London.
Ø February 25 – The first rebellions take place, marking the start of the Cuban War of Independence.
Ø March 18 – The first worldwide gasoline bus route is started in Germany, between Siegen and Netphen.
Ø March 30 – Rudolf Diesel patents the Diesel engine in Germany.
Ø June 11 – Britain annexes Tongaland, between Zululand and Mozambique.
Ø June 5 – The Liberal Revolution begins in Ecuador, making the civil war more intense in this country.
Ø June 20 – The Treaty of Amapala establishes the union of Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador (which ends in 1898).
Ø June 28 – The United States Court of Private Land Claims rules that James Reavis's claim to the Barony of Arizona is "wholly fictitious and fraudulent".
Ø September 18 – Booker T. Washington delivers the Atlanta compromise speech.
Ø The Atlanta compromise was an agreement struck in 1895 between Booker T. Washington, president of the Tuskegee Institute, other African-American leaders, and Southern white leaders.
Ø It was first supported, and later opposed by W. E. B. Du Bois and other African-American leaders.
Ø The agreement was that Southern blacks would work and submit to white political rule, while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic education and due process in law.
Ø Blacks would not focus their demands on equality, integration, or justice, and Northern whites would fund black educational charities
Ø The compromise was announced on September 18, 1895 at the Atlanta Exposition Speech. The primary architect of the compromise, on behalf of the African-Americans, was Booker T. Washington, president of the Tuskegee Institute. Supporters of Washington and the Atlanta compromise were termed the "Tuskegee Machine".
Ø The agreement was never written down. Essential elements of the agreement were that blacks would not ask for the right to vote, they would not retaliate against racist behavior, they would tolerate segregation and discrimination, that they would receive free basic education, education would be limited to vocational or industrial training (for instance as teachers or nurses), liberal arts education would be prohibited (for instance, college education in the classics, humanities, art, or literature).[citation needed]
Ø After the turn of the 20th century, other black leaders, most notably W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter – (a group Du Bois would call The Talented Tenth), took issue with the compromise, instead believing that African-Americans should engage in a struggle for civil rights. W. E. B. Du Bois coined the term "Atlanta Compromise" to denote the agreement. The term "accommodationism" is also used to denote the essence of the Atlanta compromise.
Ø After Washington's death in 1915, supporters of the Atlanta compromise gradually shifted their support to civil rights activism, until the Civil Rights Movement commenced in the 1950s.
Ø Du Bois believed that the Atlanta race riot of 1906 was a consequence of the Atlanta Compromise
Ø Daniel David Palmer performs the first chiropractic spinal adjustment, on Harvey Lillard, whose complaint was partial deafness after an injury.
Ø October
Ø Rudyard Kipling publishes the story Mowgli Leaves the Jungle Forever in The Cosmopolitan illustrated magazine in the United States (price 10 cents), collected in The Second Jungle Book, published in England in November.
Ø The London School of Economics holds its first classes in London, England.
Ø October 1 – French troops capture Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Ø November 5 – George B. Selden is granted the first U.S. patent for an automobile.
Ø October–December
Ø October
Ø Rudyard Kipling publishes the story Mowgli Leaves the Jungle Forever in The Cosmopolitan illustrated magazine in the United States (price 10 cents), collected in The Second Jungle Book, published in England in November.
Ø The London School of Economics holds its first classes in London, England.
Ø October 1 – French troops capture Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Ø October 8 – The Eulmi Incident: Empress Myeongseong of Korea is killed at her private residence within Gyeongbokgung Palace, by Japanese agents.
Ø October 22 – Montparnasse derailment: A train runs through the exterior wall of the Gare Montparnasse terminus, in Paris.
Ø October 23 – The city of Tainan, last stronghold of the Republic of Formosa, capitulates to the forces of the Empire of Japan, ending the short-lived republic, and beginning the era of Taiwan under Japanese rule.
Ø October 31 – A major earthquake occurs in the New Madrid Seismic Zone of the midwestern United States, the last to date.
November
Ø November 1 – The Berlin Wintergarten theatre was the site of the first cinema ever, with a short movie presented by the Skladanowsky brothers
Ø November 5 – George B. Selden is granted the first U.S. patent for an automobile.
Ø November 8 – Wilhelm Röntgen discovers a type of radiation (later known as X-rays).
Ø November 17 – Flamengo, a well known professional football club in Brazil, is officially founded.[9]
Ø November 25 – Oscar Hammerstein opens the Olympia Theatre, the first theatre to be built in New York City's Times Square district.
Ø November 27 – At the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, Alfred Nobel signs his last will and testament, setting aside his estate to establish the Nobel Prize after his death.
Ø November 28 – Chicago Times-Herald race: The first American automobile race in history is sponsored by the Chicago Times-Herald. Press coverage first arouses significant American interest in the automobile.
December
Ø Ottoman troops burn 3,000 Armenians alive in Urfa[citation needed].
Ø The Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War begins.
Ø December 7 – A corps of 2,350 Italian troops, mostly Askari, are crushed by 30,000 Abyssinian troops at Amba Alagi.
Ø December 11 – Svante Arrhenius becomes the first scientist to deliver quantified data about the sensitivity of global climate to atmospheric carbon dioxide (the "Greenhouse effect"), as he presents his paper "On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air Upon The Temperature of the Ground" to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Ø December 15 – The railways of the Cape of Good Hope, Colony of Natal, the Orange Free State, the South African Republic and southern Mozambique are all linked at Union Junction near Alberton.
Ø December 24
Ø Kingstown lifeboat disaster: 15 crew are lost when their life-boat capsizes, while trying to rescue the crew of the SS Palme off Kingstown (modern-day Dún Laoghaire), near Dublin, Ireland.
Ø George Washington Vanderbilt II officially opens his Biltmore Estate, inviting his family and guests to celebrate his new home in Asheville, North Carolina.
Ø December 28 – Auguste and Louis Lumière display their first moving picture film in Paris.